Transparent conducting electrodes based on zinc oxide

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCE) have a wide range of applications in industry and academics due to their high transparency in the visible to the near-infrared region and electrical conductivity. Among the various materials, zinc oxide (ZnO) emerges as one of the most suitable materials for such application due to its abundance in nature, high optoelectronic performance, and bandgap tunability. This chapter provides an overview of TCE in three sections. While the basics, history, and materials to applications related to TCE are presented in the first part, the second part describes the different TCEs based on ZnO, with suitable examples. In the last section, the modifications of ZnO multilayer electrodes through different sources, mainly high energetic ions, are discussed.