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Ammonia Decomposition Using Catalytic Membrane Reactor for Hydrogen Production
Journal
Energy, Environment, and Sustainability
ISSN
25228366
Date Issued
2024-01-01
Author(s)
Tewari, Pradip K.
Abstract
Hydrogen is considered as one of the promising green energy alternatives to non-renewable fuels to accommodate the ever-increasing demand for energy resources. The growing application of hydrogen at its ‘technical grade, i.e., 99.999% pure’ in the fuel cell and as blending with natural gas in the gas grid has enormously increased the demand to produce extremely pure hydrogen for all practical purposes. Ammonia, being easy to liquefy, and store, and with high hydrogen content (17.6% w/w) chemicals, is considered as one the important carbon-free sources of hydrogen. Among different existing technologies, membrane reactors have been extensively explored mainly because of the feasibility of simultaneously decomposing ammonia using a catalyst and in-situ separate hydrogen using a membrane. Conventionally, packed bed membrane reactors (PBMR) are extensively explored for the process of ammonia decomposition. However, catalytic membrane reactors (CMR) are considered as advanced membrane reactors mainly because of the constraint of diffusional mass transfer resistance and temperature non-uniformity in PBMR. The application of materials such as Ruthenium (Ru) based catalysts and Palladium (Pd) based inorganic membranes are extensively explored owing to their high performance. However, their industrial application is constrained due to the high price, limited availability, and the brittle nature of the Pd-membrane. In this chapter, the recent developments in the technologies for catalytic membrane reactor-based hydrogen production from ammonia are discussed. A comprehensive insight on the material selection for catalyst and membrane preparation, reactor design, and its coupling with sustainable processes of solar energy will be elaborated.
Volume
Part F2500
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