Nanotechnological approach to improve water and wastewater treatment processes: Concept, recent advances, and challenges

The issue of ensuring that people have access to water that is free from hazardous microbes and toxic chemicals presents a significant challenge that calls for a comprehensive investigation. Nanotechnology has enormous potential applications in water purification because it paves the way for the exploration and production of nanomaterials that have never-before-seen characteristics in the size range of one nanometer to one hundred nanometers. These nanomaterials make the process of water treatment more effective, which in turn reduces the amount of money, time, and effort that are required by conventional methods. This short review chapter focuses on the limitations of current methodologies for wastewater treatment, nanotechnology as an alternative for wastewater treatment, advancements made in nanomaterials for water treatment, and a brief look at potential challenges and future aspects of nanotechnologybased water treatment processes.